O guia brasileiro de atividade física: análise a partir da concepção ampliada de saúde / The brazilian guidelines to physical activity: analysis from the expanded conception of health / La guía brasileña de actividad física: análisis desde la concepción ampliada de la salud

Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter documental, com abordagem descritiva e exploratória, com o objetivo de analisar o conteúdo do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (GAFPB) a partir da concepção ampliada de saúde. As categorias identificadas foram: Bem-estar e qualidade de vida; Socialização e fortalecimento de vínculos; Autonomia e empoderamento; Participação Social; Ampliação do acesso e complexidades envolvidas. Já as ausências foram: o conceito de saúde no qual o GAFPB foi baseado; associação a um profissional específico; questões relacionadas a populações vulneráveis. Em conclusão, foi possível identificar a presença da concepção ampliada de saúde no GAFPB ao observar o questionamento do privilégio da dimensão biológica e do caráter impositivo e normativo de intervir, se aproximar do debate sobre o desenvolvimento humano e pela relativização do enfoque na quantidade de atividades físicas que deve ser realizada.

This is documentary research with a descriptive and exploratory approach, the objective was to analyze in a categorical-thematic way the content of the Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (GAFPB) based on the expanded conception of health. The categories identified were: Well-being and quality of life; Socialization and strengthening of bonds; Autonomy and empowerment; Social Participation; Expansion of access and complexities involved. The absences were the presentation of the concept of health on which the GAFPB was based; association with a specific professional; issues related to vulnerable populations. In conclusion, it was possible to identify the presence of the expanded conception of health in the GAFPB by questioning the privilege of the biological dimension and the imposing and normative character of intervening, approaching the debate on human development and relativizing the focus on the amount of physical activities that must be performed.

Se trata de una investigación documental con abordaje descriptivo y exploratorio, el objetivo fue analizar de forma categórica-temática el contenido de la Guía de Actividad Física para la Población Brasileña (GAFPB) a partir de la concepción ampliada de la salud. Las categorías identificadas fueron: Bienestar y calidad de vida; Socialización y fortalecimiento de vínculos; Autonomía y empoderamiento; Participación social; Ampliación de acceso y complejidades involucradas. Las ausencias fueron la presentación del concepto de salud en el que se basó la GAFPB; vinculación con un profesional específico; temas relacionados con las poblaciones vulnerables. En conclusión, fue posible identificar la presencia de la concepción ampliada de la salud en el GAFPB al cuestionar el privilegio de la dimensión biológica y el carácter imponente y normativo de intervenir, acercándose al debate sobre el desarrollo humano y relativizando el enfoque en la cantidad de actividades físicas deben ser realizadas.

Effects of Different Protocols of Moderate-Intensity Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Brazilian Adults Recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different protocols of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training in patients who had recovered from COVID-19 on quality of life (QoL) and mental health. The sample of this clinical trial-controlled double-blind study consisted of 67 participants aged 30-69 years, who were organized randomly according to Normoxia, Hypoxia, Hypoxia Recovery or Control Group. Eight weeks of cycle ergometer training were performed with a frequency of three training sessions per week in normoxic or hypoxic conditions (with or without hypoxic recovery). Health-related QoL and Mental Health Status were evaluated by 12-Item Short Form Survey and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale instruments, respectively. All training groups improved the QoL's physical dimensions (Baseline-Post: Normoxia Group 42.1 (11.0)-48.7 (7.0), Hypoxia Group 46.9 (11.8)-53.5 (6.6) and Hypoxia Recovery Group 45.8 (9.2)-51.1 (5.3)) and mental dimensions (Baseline-Post: Normoxia Group 48.8 (7.9)-54.6 (4.6), Hypoxia Group 45.2 (7.7)-53.2 (3.8) and Hypoxia Recovery Group 46.5 (9.7)-52.0 (9.9)). Regarding mental health outcomes, all training groups decreased depressive symptoms (66.7% Normoxia, 31.2% Hypoxia Recovery and 31% Hypoxia groups), anxiety symptoms (46.5% Normoxia, 45.9% Hypoxia Recovery and 39.5% in the Hypoxia groups) and stress symptoms (40.6% Normoxia, 36.3% Hypoxia Recovery and 22.1% Hypoxia groups). Significant statistical difference was not found between groups. Normoxic and hypoxic training showed a similar effect on QoL and the mental health of Brazilian adults who had recovered from COVID-19.

Competencies of the Physical Education professional in Primary Health Care / Competências do profissional de Educação Física na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Primary Health Care (PHC) is the user's gateway to the Unified Health System (UHS). With a wide range of actions from disease prevention to health promotion, the PHC was developed to serve the user in its entirety, offering body practices and physical activities among its activities. However, the inclusion of Physical Education (PE) professionals in multidisciplinary teams in PHC remains limited, and some studies show limitations in preparing these professionals to work in this context. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the paths taken from initial studies to the perception of the development of competencies in the PE professionals working in PHC. This is a qualitative study, performed through semi-structured interviews, remotely (Google Meet). The sample analyzed included six PE professionals who worked in PHC in cities from different regions across the country. Content analysis was performed to organize the results of the interviews, and the units of analysis were coded into thematic and then organized into categories: Undergraduate and Collective Health, Graduate Studies, Professional Practice, and Professional Competencies. It is concluded from this study that PE professionals identify a series of gaps in PE specific studies for work in PHC, with the studies after finishing the undergraduate program, being very important to meet demands and expec-tations for work. It was also observed a great knowledge about the competencies, linked to the theo-retical and practical universe, from a humanized look, for effective and efficient professional conduct

A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é a porta de entrada do usuário no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Com uma vasta amplitude de ações que perpassam da prevenção de agravos à promoção da saúde, a APS se de-senvolveu para atender o usuário em sua totalidade, ofertando dentre suas atividades as práticas corporais e atividades físicas. Entretanto, a inserção do profissional de Educação Física (EF) nas equipes multiprofissio-nais na APS ainda é pequena e alguns estudos mostram limitações na formação deste profissional para atuar neste contexto. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os caminhos percorridos desde a for-mação inicial até a percepção sobre o desenvolvimento de competências na atuação dos profissionais de EF que trabalham na APS. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, de forma remota (Google Meet). A amostra analisada contou com seis profissionais de EF que atuavam na APS em cidades das cinco regiões do país. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo para organizar os resultados das entrevistas, sendo que as unidades de registro foram codificadas em temáticas e na sequência organizadas em categorias: Graduação e Saúde Coletiva, Pós-formação, Atuação Profissional e Competências Profissionais. Como conclusão, os profissionais de EF identificaram lacunas na formação em EF para o trabalho na APS, sendo o contexto pós-formação bastante importante para atender demandas e expectativas para a atuação. Observou-se ainda um grande conhecimento sobre as competências, atrelado ao universo teórico e prático, a partir de um olhar humanizado, para uma conduta profissional eficaz e eficiente

Physical activity, depression, anxiety, and stress in adults and elderly in the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil / Atividade física, depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos na pandemia COVID-19 no Brasil

The aim was to verify whether there is a relationship between physical activity habits and the indica-tion of associated risk for depression, anxiety, and stress in adults and the elderly during a period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A cross-sectional study, with data collection between October and November 2021, was carried out using an online form, with questions about sociodemographic data, physical activity practice before and during the pandemic, health status, mental health through the Scale of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DASS-21), and level of physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of 5% and multiple correspondence analysis. The were 1044 men and women, aged between 18 and 75, from all over the national territory. Among them, 48.0%, 35.9%, and 61.1% showed an indication of associated risk for depression, anxiety, and stress, respec-tively. Adult participants 93.4%, female 66.8%, educational level up to undergraduate studies 54.2%, and single 57.5%, as well as those with a low level of physical activity 36.1% and who reported wors-ening in practice during the pandemic 53.9%, showed a greater risk indication for depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.05). In summary, physically active people who managed to maintain or improve their practice during the pandemic showed a lower indication of associated risk for problems related to mental health. It is important to consider the planning of public policies from the perspective of equity to help people with greater vulnerability in accessing physical activity

O objetivo foi verificar se há relação entre os níveis de atividade física e a indicação de risco associado para depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adultos e idosos durante um período da pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Estudo transversal, entre outubro e novembro de 2021, foi realizado por meio de um formulário online, com perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos, prática de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia, estado de saúde, saúde mental - Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse (DASS-21) e nível de atividade física - Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste Qui-Quadrado com nível de significância de 5% e análise de correspondência múltipla. Participaram 1044 homens e mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 75 anos, de todo território nacional. Entre os participantes, 48,0%, 35,9% e 61,1% apresentaram indicação de risco associado para depressão, ansiedade e estresse, res-pectivamente. Os participantes adultos 93,4%, do gênero feminino 66,8%, nível de escolaridade até o ensino superior 54,2% e solteiros 57,5%, bem como os com nível baixo de atividade física 36,1% e que relataram piora na prática durante a pandemia 53,9% apresentaram maior indicação de risco para depressão, ansieda-de e estresse (p<0,05). Em síntese, pessoas fisicamente ativas e que conseguiram manter ou melhorar a prática durante a pandemia, apresentaram menor indicação de risco associado para problemas relacionados à saúde mental. É importante considerar o planejamento de políticas públicas sob a ótica da equidade, para auxiliar pessoas com maior vulnerabilidade no acesso à atividade física

Grupo de Trabalho em Práticas Corporais e Atividades Físicas na APS da SBAFS: criação, atividades e perspectivas / Working Group on Body Practices and Physical Activities in PHC of BSPAH: creation, activities, and perspectives

A Sociedade Brasileira de Atividade Física e Saúde (SBAFS) exerce papel importante no desenvolvimento e na disseminação do conhecimento científico, além de promover a articulação entre pesquisadores, estudantes, gestores e profissionais dos serviços de saúde nos cenários nacional e internacional. Nos últimos anos, estimulou-se a elaboração e a manutenção de Grupos de Trabalhos (GT) em diferentes temáticas na área de atividade física e saúde. Em 2021, foi instituído o GT em Práticas Corporais e Atividades Físicas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (PCAF-APS), o qual busca desenvolver ações para fortalecer a área temática, por meio da realização de encontros e debates com profissionais, gestores e acadêmicos, além do desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Desse modo, o objetivo deste manuscrito é descrever as ações relacionadas à criação, trajetória e perspectivas do GT PCAF-APS

The Brazilian Society of Physical Activity and Health (BSPAH) is essential in developing and disseminat-ing scientific knowledge and promoting articulation between researchers, students, stakeholders, and health service professionals in national and international scenarios. Developing and maintaining Working Groups ( WG) on different physical activity and health topics has been encouraged in recent years. In 2021, the Body Practices and Physical Activities in Primary Health Care (BPPA-PHC) WG was established, which seeks to develop actions to strengthen the thematic area through meetings and debates with professionals, stakeholders, and academics, in addition to research development. Thus, the paper aims to describe the actions related to the creation, trajectory, and perspectives of the BPPA-PHC

Effects of Moderate-Intensity Training Under Cyclic Hypoxia on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Hematological Parameters in People Recovered From COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID Study.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated that people who live at altitude have a lower incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and lesser severity in infection cases. HYPOTHESIS: Hypoxia exposure could lead to health benefits, and it could be used in the recovery process as an additional stimulus to physical training to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. METHODS: The 43 participants, aged 30 to 69 years, were divided into control group (CG, n = 18) and 2 training groups: normoxia (NG, n = 9) and hypoxia (HG, n = 16). Before and after the intervention were evaluated the lactate threshold 2 (L2), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and a blood sample was collected at rest to evaluate hematological adaptation. Both groups performed an 8-week moderate-intensity physical training on a bike. The HG were trained under normobaric hypoxic conditions (fractional inspired oxygen [FiO2] = 13.5%). RESULTS: The 8-week intervention promoted a similar improvement in CRF of people recovered from COVID-19 in the HG (L2 = 34.6%; VO2peak = 16.3%; VO2peak intensity = 24.6%) and NG (L2 = 42.6%; VO2peak = 16.7%; VO2peak intensity = 36.9%). Only the HG presented differences in hematological variables (erythropoietin = 191.7%; reticulocytes = -32.4%; off-score = 28.2%) in comparison with the baseline. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study provide evidence that moderate-intensity training in normoxia or hypoxia promoted similar benefits in CRF of people recovered from COVID-19. Furthermore, the hypoxia offered an additional stimulus to training promoting erythropoietin increase and hematological stimulation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present exercise protocol can be used for the rehabilitation of people recovered from COVID-19, with persistent low CRF. In addition, this is the first study demonstrating that physical training combined with hypoxia, as well as improving CRF, promotes greater hematological stimulation in people recovered from COVID-19.

Associação entre prática de atividade física com a saúde mental e a percepção da qualidade de vida em profissionais de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e região durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Association among physical activity practice with the mental health and the quality of life perception in nursing professionals from Ribeirao Preto and the region during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introdução: Na linha de frente da pandemia da COVID-19 encontram-se os profissionais de saúde que realizam um intenso trabalho, incluindo os profissionais de enfermagem, que representam uma grande parcela entre os profissionais de saúde que atuam nas instituições de saúde e hospitalares. As altas pressões no ambiente de trabalho com elevadas cargas e jornadas aumentaram as demandas, devido à responsabilidade de suas atribuições. Este contexto pode trazer repercussões negativas para a prática da atividade física, saúde mental e percepção de qualidade de vida destes profissionais. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a prática de atividade física, saúde mental e a percepção da qualidade de vida em profissionais de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, SP durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com profissionais de enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e região em 2021, por meio de formulário online na ferramenta Google Forms. Foram realizadas perguntas relacionadas aos dados sociodemográficos, atividade profissional, questionários para medir nível de atividade física e comportamento sedentário (IPAQ ­ versão curta), percepção da qualidade de vida (SF ­ 12v2) e saúde mental (DASS-21). Sobre a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para verificar a associação de duas variáveis categóricas entre si; teste t de Student para comparar duas médias e a ANOVA para comparar três médias provenientes de amostras não pareadas. O nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 125 profissionais de enfermagem, sendo auxiliares, técnicos, enfermeiros(as) e enfermeiros(as) coordenadores(as). Desses, 79,2% foram mulheres e 56% atuavam no setor privado, 34,4% estavam acima do peso e 29,6% com obesidade. Os profissionais que praticavam exercício físico ou esporte apresentaram menor risco de depressão (57,9% entre os que não praticavam, 47,9% entre os que praticavam um tipo e 18,2% entre os que praticavam dois ou mais tipos de exercício ou esporte, p = 0,04). Profissionais com moderado ou alto nível de atividade física e que praticavam exercícios físicos ou esportes, apresentaram melhor pontuação em diversos domínios e nos componentes físico e mental da qualidade de vida, quando comparados aos com baixo nível de atividade física e que não praticavam exercícios físicos ou esportes, respectivamente. Conclusão: Profissionais de enfermagem que relataram praticar mais exercícios físicos ou esporte apresentaram menor risco relacionado à saúde mental, e os que relataram nível moderado ou alto de atividade física apresentaram melhor percepção de qualidade de vida (AU).

Introduction: At the forefront of the COVID-19 pandemic are health professionals who carry out intense work, including nursing professionals, who represent a large number of health professionals working in health and hospital institutions. The high pressures in the work environment with expended workloads and journeys increased the demands due to the responsibility of their attributions. This context can negatively affect these professionals' physical activity practices, mental health, and perceived quality of life. Objective: Analyze the association between physical activity practice, mental health, and perceived quality of life in nursing professionals from Ribeirao Preto, SP, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed with nursing professionals from the Ribeirao Preto and region area in 2021 through an online form on the Google Forms tool. Questions related to sociodemographic data, professional activity, questionnaires to measure physical activity levels and sedentary behavior (IPAQ - short version), quality of life perception (SF - 12v2), and mental health (DASS-21) were used. Regarding the statistical analysis, the Chi-square test was used to verify the association of two categorical variables; the Student's T-test to compare two means, and the ANOVA to compare three means from unpaired samples. The significance level was 5%. Results: 125 professionals participated in the study, such as assistants, technicians, nurses, and coordinating nurses. Among them, 79.2% were women, 56.0% worked in the private sector, 34.4% were overweight, and 29.6% were obese. Professionals who practiced physical exercise or sport had a lower risk of depression (57.9% among non-practicing professionals, 47.9% among practicing one type of exercise, and 18.2% among practicing two or more types of exercise or sports, p = 0.04). In addition, professionals with moderate or high physical activity levels and who practiced physical exercises or sports had a better score in multiple domains and physical and mental quality of life components compared with low physical activity levels and not practicing physical exercises or sports, respectively. Conclusion: Nursing professionals who reported practicing more physical exercises or sports had lower mental health-related risks, and those who reported moderate or high physical activity levels had a better perception of quality of life (AU).

Effectiveness, implementation, and monitoring variables of intermittent hypoxic bicycle training in patients recovered from COVID-19: The AEROBICOVID study.

Hypoxic exposure is safely associated with exercise for many pathological conditions, providing additional effects on health outcomes. COVID-19 is a new disease, so the physiological repercussions caused by exercise in affected patients and the safety of exposure to hypoxia in these conditions are still unknown. Due to the effects of the disease on the respiratory system and following the sequence of AEROBICOVID research work, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, tolerance and acute safety of 24 bicycle training sessions performed under intermittent hypoxic conditions through analysis of peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate concentration ([La-]) and symptoms of acute mountain sickness in patients recovered from COVID-19. Participants were allocated to three training groups: the normoxia group (GN) remained in normoxia (inspired fraction of O2 (FiO2) of ∼20.9%, a city with 526 m altitude) for the entire session; the recovery hypoxia group (GHR) was exposed to hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%, corresponding to 3,000 m altitude) all the time except during the effort; the hypoxia group (GH) trained in hypoxia (FiO2 ∼13.5%) throughout the session. The altitude simulation effectively reduced SpO2 mean with significant differences between groups GN, GHR, and GH, being 96.9(1.6), 95.1(3.1), and 87.7(6.5), respectively. Additionally, the proposed exercise and hypoxic stimulus was well-tolerated, since 93% of participants showed no or moderate acute mountain sickness symptoms; maintained nearly 80% of sets at target heart rate; and most frequently reporting session intensity as an RPE of "3" (moderate). The internal load calculation, analyzed through training impulse (TRIMP), calculated using HR [TRIMPHR = HR * training volume (min)] and RPE [TRIMPRPE = RPE * training volume (min)], showed no significant difference between groups. The current strategy effectively promoted the altitude simulation and monitoring variables, being well-tolerated and safely acute exposure, as the low Lake Louise scores and the stable HR, SpO2, and RPE values showed during the sessions.

The IgG glycome of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals reflects disease course and severity.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies play an important role in the immune response against viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. As the effector functions of IgG are modulated by N-glycosylation of the Fc region, the structure and possible function of the IgG N-glycome has been under investigation in relation to divergent COVID-19 disease courses. Through LC-MS analysis we studied both total IgG1 and spike protein-specific IgG1 Fc glycosylation of 129 German and 163 Brazilian COVID-19 patients representing diverse patient populations. We found that hospitalized COVID-19 patients displayed decreased levels of total IgG1 bisection and galactosylation and lowered anti-S IgG1 fucosylation and bisection as compared to mild outpatients. Anti-S IgG1 glycosylation was dynamic over the disease course and both anti-S and total IgG1 glycosylation were correlated to inflammatory markers. Further research is needed to dissect the possible role of altered IgG glycosylation profiles in (dys)regulating the immune response in COVID-19.

Association between ACE and ACTN3 genetic polymorphisms and the effects of different physical training models on physically active women aged 50 to 75.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between ACE (DD + ID versus II) and ACTN3 (TT + TC versus CC) polymorphisms in the response of multicomponent physical training programs and combined in the health parameters of physically active women aged 50 to 75 years. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: multi-component training and combined training. Intervention lasted 14 weeks, 180 minutes a week. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and genotyping analyzes were performed by conventional and real-time PCR. Associations were observed between polymorphisms in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, physical capacity and quality of life in both models physical training, with improvement in group II - (ACE- multicomponent training in terms of abdominal circumference and sit-to - Combined training in terms of waist circumference) and TT + TC group (ACTN3 - multicomponent training in tests of muscle strength and mental quality of life domain, and combined training in body mass index, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, upper limb strength and cardiorespiratory capacity). Fourteen weeks of multicomponent and combined physical training in physically active women aged 50 to 75 years resulted in greater health benefits for genotypes II (ACE) and TT + TC (ACTN3).

Physical activity in the post-COVID-19: AEROBICOVID project design and perspectives / Atividade física no pós-COVID-19: escopo do projeto AEROBICOVID e suas perspectivas

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several late-onset impairments have been observed, affecting the health and functionality of those involved. On the other hand, lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and severity of symptoms were observed in high-altitude cities. In this sense, the AEROBICOVID project was developed with the hypothesis that exercise would be an important opportunity for health improvement and that hypoxia would promote additional benefits in the recovery process. The cohort was about 84 participants with approximately 30 days since the COVID-19 symptoms recovery, 25 in the control group, and 59 divided into three moderate physical training groups. The project had good results in teaching, research, and extension, but also faced difficulties in operationalization. This experience is the basis for future proposals through an extension project at the University of São Paulo and in a Family Health Unit, besides a research project that will develop a new low-cost hypoxia technology (AU)

Durante a pandemia de COVID-19 estão sendo observados vários efeitos tardios, afetando a saúde e a funcionalidade dos acometidos. Por outro lado, foram observadas menores taxas de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e gravidade dos sintomas em cidades de elevada altitude. Neste sentido, o projeto AEROBICOVID foi desenvolvido com a hipótese de que o exercício seria uma proposta importante para a melhoria da saúde e que a hipóxia promoveria benefícios adicionais no processo de recuperação. Participaram 84 pessoas com aproximadamente 30 dias desde a recuperação dos sintomas da COVID-19, 25 no grupo de controle e 59 divididos em três grupos de treinamento físico moderado. O projeto teve bons resultados no ensino, pesquisa e extensão, mas também enfrentou dificuldades na operacionalização. Estas experiências são a base para propostas futuras através de um projeto de extensão na Universidade de São Paulo e em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, além de um projeto de pesquisa que desenvolverá uma nova tecnologia de hipóxia de baixo custo (AU)

Influence of physical activity on psychological states in adults during the covid-19 pandemic / Influência da atividade física nos estados psicológicos de adultos durante a pandemia de covid-19

Introduction: Long periods of home confinement may lead to fear, panic, anxiety, and depression states, which, in turn, could drive to a reduction of active lifestyles. Objetive: To determine the association between the char-acteristics of the physical activity performed and the risk of experiencing mental health issues among people during confinement. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study design was conducted in Iberoamerican countries with a sample of 4,948 participants, selected through a snowball sampling technique. The study started on March 15th, 2020, and was completed in August 2020 through an online survey that includ-ed demographic and medical data, mental health status, and physical activity characteristics. Results: Brazilian women aged between 18 and 29 who stayed at home more than 19 hours per day presented a relevant higher risk for all the mental health problems analyzed in this study. A low level of physical activity during the isolation period presents the highest probability of depression compared to higher levels (OR = 1.317). In addition, using a no professional resource to do physical activity is a predictive factor of adverse mental health status (OR Anxie-ty = 1.396, OR Depression = 1.452, and OR Stress = 1.220). Conclusions: A low level of physical activity during a long isolation period is associated with a higher prevalence of depression, and the use of professional resources for physical activity may be a protective factor for mental health disorders (AU)

Introdução: Longos períodos de confinamento em casa podem levar ao medo, pânico, ansiedade e depressão, o que, por sua vez, pode estar relacionado à diminuição dos hábitos de atividade física. Objetivo: Determinar a as-sociação entre as características da atividade física praticada e o risco de apresentar problemas de saúde mental em pessoas durante o confinamento. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo multicêntrico, transversal e observacional em países ibero-americanos com uma amostra de 4.948 participantes, selecionados por meio de uma técnica de amostragem em bola de neve. O estudo teve início em 15 de março de 2020 e foi concluído em Agosto de 2020 por meio de um formulário online que incluiu perguntas sobre dados sociodemográficos e de saúde, além da avaliação do estado de saúde mental e características de atividade física. Resultados: As mulheres brasileiras com idade compreendida entre 18 e 29 anos que ficaram em casa mais de 19 horas por dia apresentaram um risco mais ele-vado para todos os problemas de saúde mental analisados neste estudo. Um baixo nível de atividade física durante o período de isolamento apresentou a maior probabilidade de risco de depressão em comparação com níveis mais elevados (OR = 1,317). Além disso, a utilização de um recurso não profissional para fazer atividade física foi um fator preditivo de estado de saúde mental adverso (OR Ansiedade = 1,396, OR Depressão = 1,452, e OR Estresse = 1,220). Conclusões: Um baixo nível de atividade física durante o período de isolamento está associado a maior prevalência de depressão, e a utilização de recursos profissionais para a atividade física pode ser um fator de pro-teção para os distúrbios de saúde menta (AU)

Physical activity and sitting time in adults after positive diagnosis for COVID-19: a cross-sectional study / Atividade física e tempo sentado em adultos após diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19: um estudo transversal

This study aimed to: a) investigate the most common signs and symptoms reported by people infect-ed by the COVID-19, b) compare total time and weekly level of physical activity of people between pre- and post-infection period, and c) examine the association between physical activity levels and signs and symptoms reported during the disease cycle. Twenty-two adult people (14 males and 8 females, mean age 37.9 ± 16.8 years) living in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil participated in this study. Par-ticipants received a positive diagnosis for COVID-19 by PCR. Physical activity and sitting time was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Variables such as body mass index and the clinical condition of the disease (signs and symptoms) were collected. The most frequent signs and symptoms reported by active and inactive individuals, respectively, were loss of taste (77.8% and 25%), headache (66.7% and 25%), coughing (66.7% and 25%), difficulty breathing (61.1% and 25%), and sore throat (61.1% and 75%). A 120-minute reduction (p = 0.010) in the total time of weekly physical activity and a 155-minute reduction (p = 0.003) of weekly moderate physical activity was observed in the pre- and post-diagnostic COVID-19 infection comparison. There was further an association between difficulty breathing and being physically inactive (odds ratio = 0.222; 95%CI: 0.094 ­ 0.527). Our findings suggest that COVID-19 had a negative impact on physical activity and that being physically active may reduce the likelihood of presenting with difficulty breathing if infected with the SARS-CoV-2 and associated disease COVID-19

Este estudo teve como objetivo: a) investigar os sinais e sintomas mais comuns relatados por pessoas infectadas por COVID-19, b) comparar o tempo total e o nível semanal de atividade física das pessoas no período pré e pós-infecção, c) examinar a associação entre os níveis de atividade física e os sinais e sintomas relatados du-rante o ciclo da doença. Participaram deste estudo 22 pessoas (14 do sexo masculino e oito do feminino, idade média 37,9 ± 16,8 anos) residentes na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, Brasil. Todos receberam diagnóstico positivo para COVID-19 via PCR. A atividade física e o tempo sentado foram avaliados por meio do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Variáveis como índice de massa corporal e o quadro clínico da doença (sinais e sintomas), foram coletadas. Os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes foram perda do paladar (77,8% e 25%), dor de cabeça (66,7% e 25%), tosse (66,7% e 25%), dificuldade para respirar (61,1% e 25%) e dor gar-ganta (61,1% e 75%), para indivíduos ativos e inativos, respectivamente. Uma redução de 120 minutos (p = 0,010) no tempo total de atividade física semanal e de 155 minutos (p = 0,003) de atividade física moderada semanal foi observada na comparação pré e pós-diagnóstico por COVID-19. Houve associação entre dificul-dade para respirar e ser fisicamente inativo (odds ratio = 0,222; IC95%: 0,094 ­ 0,527). Nossos resultados sugerem que a COVID-19 teve impacto negativo na atividade física e que pessoas fisicamente ativas podem reduzir a probabilidade de apresentar dificuldade para respirar quando diagnosticadas por COVID-19

Estratégias de marketing para manter e captar clientes durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em academias de Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brasil / Marketing strategies to maintain and attract customers during the Covid-19 pandemic in gyms of Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brazil / Estrategias de marketing para mantener y atraer clientes durante la pandemia del Covid-19 en los gimnasios de Ribeirao Preto-SP, Brasil

Introdução: O Brasil é o terceiro colocado no ranking mundial em faturamento de serviços fitness, com 34.509 academias registradas. Entretanto, a pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe desafios e uma queda nesse faturamento. Com isto, as academias foram forçadas a adotar novas estratégias de gestão e marketing para se manterem no mercado diante deste novo contexto. Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias de marketing esportivo utilizadas por gestores de academias de Ribeirão Preto/SP para manter e captar novos clientes durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada por meio da ferramenta Google Meet, gravadas para serem transcritas e analisadas posteriormente. Resultados: Dentre as estratégias utilizadas pelos seis gestores entrevistados, destacaram-se: segurança e limpeza da academia como marketing; priorização do relacionamento com o cliente como principal forma de retenção; uso recorrente do marketing de bonificações; pacotes e mensalidades mais atrativos para manter e ao mesmo tempo captar novos clientes; e, a utilização das redes sociais como principal forma de captação. Os problemas encontrados pelos gestores foram similares, com ao menos 1/3 apontando a falta de verba específica para o marketing, campanhas centralizadas em outras sedes ou franquias, lives ineficientes e marketing tradicional com custo muito alto. Considerações finais: Os gestores precisaram superar os obstáculos da pandemia para planejar e promover estratégias de marketing para academias com objetivos, público e porte diferentes. Ainda existem poucos estudos relacionando marketing e o mercado fitness no Brasil, destacando a importância de mais estudos que abordem esta temática.

Introduction: Brazil is ranked third in the world in fitness service billing, with 34,509 registered gyms. However, the COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges and a drop in this revenue. Consequently, the gyms were forced to adopt new management and marketing strategies to stay in the market facing the contemporary context. Objective: To identify the sports marketing strategies used by gym managers in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, to keep and attract new customers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study was performed through semi-structured interviews, conducted through the Google Meet tool, recorded to be transcribed and analyzed. Results: Among the strategies used by the six managers interviewed stand out: gym safety and cleanliness as marketing; the prioritization of the relationship with customers as the main form of retention; the overuse of bonus marketing; packages and more attractive monthly fees to keep and at the same time attract new customers; and, also the use of social networks as the main form of attraction. The problems were similar among the managers, with at least 1/3 indicating the lack of a specific budget for marketing, centralized campaigns in other locations or franchises, inefficient live broadcasts, and traditional marketing with a very high cost. Final words: The managers needed to overcome the pandemic obstacles to plan and promote marketing strategies for gyms with different objectives, public, and size. There are still few studies on the relationship between marketing and Brazil's fitness market, highlighting the importance of more studies that address this theme.

Introducción: Brasil es el tercer país del mundo en facturación de servicios fitness, con 34.509 gimnasios registrados. Sin embargo, la pandemia de Covid-19 llevó a desafíos y un descenso de estos ingresos. Con esto, los gimnasios se vieron obligados a adoptar nuevas estrategias de gestión y comercialización para mantenerse en el mercado ante el nuevo contexto. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de marketing deportivo utilizadas por los gestores de gimnasios de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil, para mantener y atraer nuevos clientes durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a través de entrevista con preguntas preestablecidas, realizadas por la herramienta Google Meet, grabadas para poder transcribirlas y analizarlas. Resultados: Entre las estrategias utilizadas por los seis gestores entrevistados, se destacaron: seguridad y limpieza del gimnasio como marketing; priorización de las relaciones con los clientes como principal forma de retención; el abuso del marketing de bonos; paquetes y cuotas mensuales más atractivas para mantener y al mismo tiempo captar nuevos clientes; y, también el uso de las redes sociales como principal forma de captación. Los problemas encontrados por los gestores fueron similares, con al menos 1/3 apuntando falta de presupuesto específico para el marketing, campañas centralizadas en otras sedes o franquicias, lives ineficientes y el marketing tradicional como una estrategia de muy alto coste. Consideraciones finales: Los gestores necesitaron superar los obstáculos de la pandemia para planificar y promover estrategias de marketing para gimnasios con objetivos, público y tamaño distintos. Todavía hay pocos estudios que relacionen el marketing y el mercado fitness en Brasil, destacando la importancia de más estudios que aborden este tema.

Effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes of patients recovered from COVID-19: the AEROBICOVID study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies point to a lower number and reduced severity of cases in higher altitude cities with decreased oxygen concentration. Specific literature has shown several benefits of physical training, so, in this sense, physical training with hypoxic stimulus appears as an alternative that supports the conventional treatments of the COVID-19 patient's recovery. Thus, this study's primary aim is to analyze the effects of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training on health outcomes in COVID-19 recovered patients. METHODS: A clinical trial controlled double-blind study was designed. Participants (30-69 years old) will be recruited among those with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms, approximately 30 days after recovery. They will be included in groups according to the training (T) and recovery (R) association with hypoxia (H) or normoxia (N): (a) TH:RH, (b) TN:RH, (c) TN:RN, and last (d) the control group. The 8-week exercise bike intervention will be carried out with a gradual load increase according to the established periods, three times a week in sets of 5 min, 90 to 100% of the anaerobic threshold (AT), and a 2.5-min break. Blood will be collected for genotyping. First, after 4 weeks (partial), after 8 weeks, and later, 4 weeks after the end of the physical training intervention, participants will perform assessments. The primary outcome is the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2peak). The secondary outcomes include lung function, inflammatory mediators, hematological, autonomic parameters, AT, body composition analysis, quality of life, mental health, anthropometric measurements, and physical fitness. The statistical analysis will be executed using the linear regression model with mixed effects at a 5% significance level. DISCUSSION: This study is designed to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of moderate-intensity intermittent hypoxic training as a part of the treatment of patients recovered from COVID-19. It may also provide evidence on the efficacy and safety of intermittent hypoxic training in different health conditions. Lastly, this study presents an innovative strategy enabling up to 16 participants in the same training session. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov RBR-5d7hkv. Registered after the start of inclusion on 3 November 2020 with the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry.

NOS3 Polymorphisms Can Influence the Effect of Multicomponent Training on Blood Pressure, Nitrite Concentration and Physical Fitness in Prehypertensive and Hypertensive Older Adult Women.

Associations of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) polymorphisms with hypertension and response to exercise training in prehypertensive and hypertensive older adult women remain unclear. This study used a multicomponent program (various capacities and motor skills) in the physical training intervention. It analyzed the influence of NOS3 polymorphisms [-786T > C, 894G > T (Glu298Asp), and intron 4b/a] on the response of blood pressure (BP), nitrite concentration, and physical fitness in older adult women. Fifty-two participants aged between 50 and 80 underwent body mass index, BP, 6-min walk, elbow flexion, and sit and stand-up tests to assess physical fitness. The intervention duration was 12 weeks, twice a week, on non-consecutive days. Each session lasted 90 min, maintaining an intensity between 13 (moderate) and 15 (intense), controlled by the Subjective Effort Perception Scale. Plasma/blood samples were collected to assess nitrite concentration and genotyping. The statistical analysis included Fisher's exact test and linear mixed-effects models. The multicomponent training's positive effect was observed with a similar response in both prehypertensive and hypertensive groups. However, carriers of different genotypes demonstrated different responses to training: the decreases in systolic and diastolic BP and increases in nitrite expected from the physical training were smaller in variant genotype than ancestral genotype carriers, especially in the hypertensive group. At positions -786T > C and Glu298Asp, only the ancestral genotypes showed a decrease in diastolic BP (Δ% = -8.1, and Δ% = -6.5, respectively) and an increase on nitrite (Δ% = 19.1, and Δ% = 24.1, respectively) in the hypertensive group. Our results show that the benefits of a multicomponent training intervention seem to be genotype-dependent. It should be possible to consider genetic variants when selecting an exercise treatment intervention.

Atividade física para adultos: Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira / Physical activity for adults: Physical Activity Guidelines for the Brazilian Population

Em 2020, o Ministério da Saúde, em parceria com a Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, selecionou pesquisadores e pesquisadoras para a elaboração do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar os métodos utilizados, bem como os re-sultados do Guia de Atividade Física para a População Brasileira (Guia) para adultos de 18 a 59 anos de idade. A base para construção do Guia se deu a partir de quatro perguntas norteadoras: O quê, quando, por que e como praticar atividade física (AF)? Para responder essas questões, duas estratégias principais foram adotadas: revisão das evidências científicas e a "escuta" de diferentes grupos estra-tégicos. A partir dos procedimentos realizados, recomenda-se que os adultos acumulem entre 150 e 300 minutos de AF por semana com intensidade moderada e/ou entre 75 e 150 minutos por semana de intensidade vigorosa. Dentre os benefícios identificados, destaca-se a redução de mortalidade por doenças crônicas, melhoria na saúde mental, nos aspectos sociais (e.g. interação com outras pessoas, contato com a cultura local etc.) e emocionais (e.g. autoestima, sensação de bem-estar etc.). Além disso, as recomendações não ficaram restritas aos desfechos supracitados, buscou-se considerar as especificidades e singularidades da população adulta nas diferentes regiões do Brasil, destacando que a AF está envolvida em movimentos populares, sociais e culturais. No Guia também são apresentadas mensagens para superar as principais barreiras da AF, e as redes de apoio existentes para auxiliar a população adulta a ter uma vida fisicamente mais ativa

In 2020, the Brazilian Health Ministry in partnership with the Federal University of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul selected researchers for the elaboration of the Brazilian Physical Activity Guide. The objective of this article was to present the methods used as well as the results of the Brazilian Physical Activity Guide for adults from 18 to 59 years of age. The construction of the guide was based on four guiding questions: What, when, why and how to practice physical activity? To answer these questions, two main strategies were adopted: review of scientific evidence and "listening" to different strategic groups. From the procedures performed, it is recommended that adults accumulate between 150 and 300 minutes of physical activity per week of moderate intensity and / or between 75 and 150 minutes per week of vigorous intensity, regardless of the type (aerobics or muscle strengthening). Among the identified benefits, the reduction of mortality due to chronic diseases, improvement in mental health, in social and emotional aspects stands out, (e.g., interaction with other people, contact with local culture etc.) and emotional (e.g., self-esteem, feeling of well-being etc.). In addition, the recommendations were not restricted to the aforementioned outcomes, we sought to consider the specificities and singularities of the adult population in different regions of Brazil. The guide also pre-sents messages to overcome the main barriers of physical activity, and the existing support networks to help Brazilian adults to have a more physically active life

Comparação da aptidão física de mulheres adultas e idosas de acordo com o histórico de quedas e a prática regular de diferentes modalidades de exercícios físicos / Comparison of the physical fitness of older adult women according to the history of falls and the regular practice of different physical exercises

RESUMO: Objetivos:Comparar a aptidão física de mulheres de acordo com o histórico de quedas e a prática regular de diferentes modalidades de exercícios físicos (treinamento combinado: musculação e resistência aeróbia; treinamento funcional: multicomponente; e treinamento multimodal: duas ou mais modalidades). Métodos: Estudo transversalcom 44 mulheres (idade entre 50 e 80 anos). Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e sobre o histórico de quedas no último ano, além da avaliação antropométrica e testes motores (flexibilidade, força de membros superiores e inferiores, capacidade aeróbia e agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico) para avaliar a aptidão física. Na análise estatística, foram realizados o Teste t para amostras independentes e a ANCOVA utilizando idade, índice de massa corporal e tempo de exercício físico como covariáveis. Resultados: As participantes que tiveram ocorrência de quedas no último ano apresentaram piores resultados nos testes de flexibilidade (sentar e alcançar e mãos nas costas), força de membros superiores (flexão de cotovelo) e de membros inferiores (sentar e levantar), bem como capacidade aeróbia (teste de caminhada de seis minutos). Em relação às diferentes modalidades de exercícios físicos, não foi possível observar diferença estatística para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. Entretanto, resultados satisfatórios de acordo com os valores normativos foram observados nos três grupos. Conclusões: O grupo com histórico de quedas apresentou piores resultados na aptidão física. Em relação às diferentes modalidades de treinamento, não houve diferença entre os grupos para nenhuma variável analisada. Entretanto, observa-se que estas modalidades são importantes para a manutenção de bons níveis de aptidão física no contexto do envelhecimento

ABSTRACT: Objectives: Comparing women's physical fitness according to the history of falls and regular practice of different physical exercises (combined training: strength and aerobic training; functional training: multicomponent; and multimodal training: two or more styles). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 44 women (aged between 50 and 80 years old). Sociodemographic data and history of falls in the last year were collected, in addition to anthropometric assessment and motor tests (flexibility, upper and lower limb strength, aerobic capacityand agility, and dynamic balance) to assess physical fitness. In the statistical analysis, independent samples t-test and ANCOVA using age, body mass index, and time of physical exercise as covariates were performed. Results: The participants who had falls in the last year presented worse outcomes in the flexibility tests (sit and reach and hands-on-the back), strength tests of upper limbs (elbow flexion), and lower limbs (sit and stand up), as well as aerobic capacity (six-minute walking test). Regarding the different modalities of exercises, it was not possibleto observe statistical differences for any of the variables studied. However, satisfactory results according to the normative values were observed in the three groups. Conclusions: The group with a history of falls had worse outcomes in physical fitness. Regarding the different modalities of training, there was no difference between the groups for any variable analyzed. However, it seems that these modalities are essential to maintain satisfactorylevels of physical fitness in the context of aging.

ß2 adrenergic interaction and cardiac autonomic function: effects of aerobic training in overweight/obese individuals.

PURPOSE: To verify the influence of different volumes and intensities of aerobic exercise on cardiac autonomic function (CAF) through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis as well the influence of ß2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) variants in overweight/obese individuals. METHODS: 70 physically inactive adults were randomly allocated into the following 16-week training: 1-high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 25, 1 × 4 min bout at 85-95%HR peak, 3×/week), 4-HIIT (n = 26, 4 × 4 min bouts at 85-95%HR peak, interspersed with 3 min of recovery at 50-70%HR peak, 3×/week), and moderate continuous training (MCT) (n = 19, 30 min at 60-70%HR peak, 5×/week). Before and after the exercise training, anthropometric, BP, cardiorespiratory fitness, and HRV measures were evaluated. R-R intervals recorded for 10 min in a supine position at pre- and post-intervention were used to analyze HRV in the plot-Poincare indexes (SD1, SD2), and frequency-domain (LF, HF, LF/HF). Full blood samples were used for genotyping. RESULTS: 4-HIIT and MCT showed positive outcomes for almost all variables while 1-HIIT had a positive influence only on SBP and SD2 index. No associations were observed between isolated ADRB2 variants and changes in HRV. In the analysis of the interaction genotypes, all groups responded positively for the SD1 index of HRV and only the H1 (GG and CC) and H2 (GG and CG + GG) groups presented increases in the RMSSD index. Furthermore, there was an increase in the LF index only in the H3 (CC and AA + AG) and H4 (AA + AG and CG + GG) groups. CONCLUSIONS: ADRB2 variants and aerobic exercise training are important interacting variables to improve autonomic function and other health variables outcomes in overweight or obese individuals.

Multicomponent Training Changes Blood Pressure and Redox Status in Older Women: Influence of ß2 Adrenergic Receptor Haplotypes.

The ß2 adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) plays an important role in vascular smooth muscle. However, the interaction between Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu ß2-AR polymorphisms, and exercise training has not yet been established. This study evaluated the influence of these ß2-AR polymorphisms on body composition, aerobic capacity, blood pressure, lipid profile, nitric oxide, and redox status at baseline and in response to an exercise program in women aged 50-79 years. Genotype and haplotypes were analyzed in association with the previously mentioned variables before and after the multicomponent training (12 weeks, 2 sessions/week, 90 min/session, and exercise intensity between 13 and 15 on the Borg scale). Individuals who carry ß2-AR Arg16Arg/Gln27Gln genotypes presented more improvements in blood pressure, body composition, aerobic capacity, and redox status in response to a multicomponent training program compared with individuals who do not carry this haplotype. In some years, the genetic profile may be used to predict which exercise program can induce more health benefits for each person.